To evaluate the effect of kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum harvested at two different ages and three forage. Pennisetum clandestinum hochstetter ex chiovenda kikuyugrass pennisetum macrourum trinius african feathergrass pennisetum pedicellatum trinius kyasumagrass pennisetum polystachion linnaeus schultes missiongrass, thin napiergrass. The original list of prohibited plants went into effect january 1, 2006. Each nitrogen n rate treatment was continuously grazed at three stocking rates sr designed to apply similar grazing pressures at each n level and covering a range from 22 to 166 angus weaner cattleha. Grassland flora erythrina zeyheri in the grasslands of the. Cultivated as a lawn but has become naturalized, prefers moist habitats. Native to east africa, kikuyugrass is well adapted to warm, temperate climates such as those of the coast and inland valleys of southern and central california. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Prefers sandy soils of lowland areas, and has failed to thrive in very heavy soils, dry areas and cooler montane zones walsh and entwisle 1994. Pennisetum clandestinum back to allergen page common name. Pennisetum clandestinum knotgrass paspalum distichum muhly, wirestem muhlenbergia frondonsa napier grass pennisetum purpureum nutsedge. Healthy fresh tortoise foods are in abundance everywhere you just need to know what to look for. In open situations, growth is mainly by horizontal extension of the robust runners.
Pennisetum clandestinum photo courtesy joseph ditomaso. The plants database includes the following 21 species of pennisetum. Single culm with inflorescence showing anthers and stigmas, and seed. Plants profile for pennisetum clandestinum kikuyugrass. Abstracts of the xiv brazilian congress on herbicides and herbaceous weeds sbhed and the vi congress of the latin american weed association alam, campinas pp. The runners are several mm thick, and have internodes at intervals of about 5 cm, each with a single leaf sheath and blade. It will only flower and set seed under certain conditions, such as defoliation. Pdf spatial growth of kikuyugrass pennisetum clandestinum. This is an excerpt from weeds of hawaiis pastures and natural areas.
Thiaminase activities and thiamine content of pteridium. Healthy fresh tortoise foods are in abundance everywhere you. Kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum is an invasive perennial grassy weed. Cenchrus clandestinus pennisetum clandestinum is a creeping, matforming grass that originates from tropical eastern africa.
Kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum geoff moore, dafwa description prostrate, creeping grass that spreads via rhizomes underground stems and stolons runners that readily root from the nodes left ungrazed it forms a loose, rank sward, but under grazing forms a dense turf leaf sheaths overlap and the leaf blades 520 cm have a. Seedheads much reduced and hidden hence clandestinum in the apices of some stolons of well established plants. Pennisetum clandestinum synonyms, pennisetum clandestinum pronunciation, pennisetum clandestinum translation, english dictionary definition of pennisetum clandestinum. The massachusetts prohibited plant list following is a list of plants for which importation and propagation is currently prohibited within the state of massachusetts. Lee, department of human nutrition, food and animal sciences. A spreading rhizomatous and stoloniferous perennial that roots at the nodes and forms dense swards to 50 cm high when ungrazed. Clinical signs include lameness, weight loss, and characteristic enlargement of the facial bones. It infests lawns, gardens, orchards and abandoned land. The capability of kikuyu grass to grow under saline conditions was tested during 6 months, under various irrigation treatments tap water control, 80.
Experiments at 2 sites in subtropical eastern australia investigated the variation in agronomic attributes, quality and genetic structure existing within. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of. In its native environment it occurs between about 8n and s of the equator. Pennisetum clandestinum profile california invasive plant. Phenotypic and genotypic variation within populations of. Tollfree call kikuyu 0508 299 299 description kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum kikuyu is a perennial grass originating from north and east africa. The production potential of kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum.
It was first introduced by the united states department of agriculture in 1915, and tested in california in 1916 at several places. Provides authoritative information on the flora of western australia. Genetic characterization of pennisetum clandestinum varietiescultivars using rapd. Kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum grass saltdeck series male. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Australian consignments of pennisetum clandestinum seed can be endorsed free from striga asiatica without any evidence presented except for seed sourced from the mackay area which cannot be endorsed. The leaves are green, flattened or upwardly folded along the midrib, 10150 m 3905,910 in long, and 15 mm 0. It is palatable, resistant to heavy grazing and mostly used for pasture. Pennisetum clandestinum and other grasses present are pangola grass digitaria pentzii, california. Kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum 1 is a strong, creeping perennial grass, a native of uganda, africa.
Pennisetum clandestinum in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum is regarded as an environmental weed in victoria, south australia, western australia, new south wales and queensland. Cenchrus clandestinus pennisetum clandestinum hochst. Leaves additional leaves develop in a tworanked arrangement, with each successive leaf attached at a 180 degree angle from the previous leaf. Pennisetum clandestinum is a lowgrowing stoloniferous perennial, to 30 cm tall. Pdf effects of kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum. Kikuyu originates from areas with an annual rainfall of 1,0001,600 mm. The domestication process as it occurred in the primary gene pool of pennisetum glaucum is the main thread of this chapter. Moringa oleifera, pennisetum clandestinum, corn, enterocytes, fish, fish meal, gluten, growth performance, hepatotoxicity, leaves, polyphenols, protein sources, tannins, villi abstract. The clandestine flowering of kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum. The list of edible plants for sulcata by rodney earl pettway this is our partial list of edible plants for a sulcata.
The anthers emerge at night on their long filaments and are visible in the morning as a grayish white haze over the sward. The number of leaves per tiller is like the hands on a biological clock in the paddock. Kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum kikuyu is a stoloniferous above ground and rhizomatous below ground perennial summer grass. Seeds can survive passing through the digestive tract of ruminants. A stolon of kikuyu grass with three lateral tillers and one apical tiller. Pennisetum clandestinum which are popular pasture grasses but which yield between 5 to 15 tonnes of dm per year boonman, 1993. A creeping, aggressive, course, perennial lawn grass spreading by runners stolons and rhizomes and. Pennisetum clandestinum is a rhizomatous grass with matted roots and a grasslike or herbaceous habit. Erradicacao do capimquicuio pennisetum clandestinum l. Clandestinum refers to the clandestine or hidden seed heads. The production potential of kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum pastures over sown with ryegrass lolium spp.
On nonsaline land kikuyu is major pasture species and used widely, for example in. It occurs in sandy soil and reaches a height of between 70 and. Plants are a network of horizontal manyjointed stems i. Kikuyu prefers warm, moist and sunny conditions, and. Pennisetum is from the latin penna meaning feather and seta meaning bristle and refers to the feather like bristles on the flowers, of some species in this genus. Kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum, originally from tropical and subtropical african countries, is one of the most important pasture grasses in the higher rainfall regions of south africa of utmost importance in agriculture, to the economy to the industry. Introduced to california to control erosion on hillsides, it has escaped cultivation and become weedy in many agricultural and landscape situations in california. Kikuyu kikuyu is a hardy dense, mat forming grass that grows 345 cm tall in full sun.
Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Limited pennisetum clandestinum is classified by the u. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. The leaf blades are flat, bright green and approximately 1 15 cm long and 1 5 mm wide. Brief description grazyna paczkowska, wednesday 1 december 1993. Cells are blank where information is not available in the rapid assessment vegetation model.
Holt skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Rhizomatous, stoloniferous perennial, grasslike or herb, 0. Pdf jstor is a notforprofit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a. Article pdf available in israel journal of plant sciences 432. Pennisetum n a taxonomic genus within the family poaceae the fountaingrasses, native to tropical and warm temperate environs worldwide, that may be treated as members of genus cenchrum. Kikuyu fertilised at a high rate of n fertiliser contained significantly higher nitrate levels. Kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum vro agriculture victoria. Spatial growth of kikuyugrass pennisetum clandestinum.
Thiaminase type 1 and 2 activities and thiamine content of five plants were determined. Because of its rapid growth and aggressive nature, it is categorised as a noxious weed in some regions. The tropical grass species pennisetum clandestinum is known by several common names, most often kikuyu grass, as it is native to the region of east africa that is home to the kikuyu people. Erythrina zeyheri growing on the outskirts of suburbia. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Sep 21, 2017 kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum is an invasive perennial grassy weed. Reproduction is primarily vegetative, by its extensive network of stolons and rhizomes. Kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum, originally from tropical and subtropical. Genetic identification of kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum cultivars by rapd and issr techniques. Potential spread of pasture dieback in fodder july 2019 sarah baker and dr suzanne boschma, pastures unit, tamworth without precautions the fodder industry could contribute to the spread of pasture. These vegetation models were developed by local experts using available literature, local data, andor expert opinion as documented in the pdf file linked from the name of each potential natural vegetation group listed below. They are known commonly as fountaingrasses fountain grasses. It is native to the highlands of eastern africa but has been widely introduced elsewhere for forage and for soil conservation. Indeed, it is currently understood that the challenges and hopes for sustainable uses of genetic resources are by far dependent on the understanding of the dynamics of biodiversity.
Pennisetum clandestinum an overview sciencedirect topics. Federal noxious weed list effective as of december 10, 2010 aquatic latin name authors common names. Pages in category pennisetum the following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. It was introduced into hawaii in 1925 and has been introduced and distributed to many subtropical and tropical countries. A low closely matting perennial, with numerous creeping rhizomes and slender to stout stolons with many very short internodes, rooting at the nodes, throwing up single or more often fascicled short stout branches. Kikuyu grass must, however, be treated aggressively for. Media in category pennisetum the following 20 files are in this category, out of 20 total. Ammonium nitrate was applied to a kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum dominant pasture at annual rates of 0, 4, 336 and 672 kg nha. Red witchweed striga asiatica is recognised as not occurring in any australian states and territories except the mackay area of queensland.
It is quite invasive, and spreads via creeping stems stolons above the ground, as well as similar rhizomes below the ground. Stem and leaves plants are a network of horizontal manyjointed stems i. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. As a condition for access you agree that the commonwealth makes no representations or warranties regarding the database and does not accept any liability in connection with reliance on the information contained within the database including by third parties you in any way allow or assist to access the information. Kikuyugrass is a tough, lowgrowing perennial grass with an extensive network of coarse creeping stems. Even though kikuyu is a tropicalsubtropical pasture. A comparative study on the use of pennisetum clandestinum. Although it is usually grazed without ill effect, spasmodic incidents of poisoning in cattle 1 and, to a much lesser extent, sheep 2 and goats, 3. It is a deeprooted perennial suited to fertile soil. It gets its common name, kikuyu grass, from the fact that it is native to the area in which the kikuyu tribe live. Full article pdf usda, ars, germplasm resources information network.
Spatial growth of kikuyugrass pennisetum clandestinum volume 44 issue 2 cheryl a. Pennisetum clandestinum kikuyu grass this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Pennisetum clandestinum, a monocot, is a perennial grass that is not native to california. Phytoremediation of landfill leachate using pennisetum clandestinum. Evolution of the botanic composition in a kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum meadow recovered through mechanic harrowing and compost fertilization treatments. It grows rapidly and spreads quickly, but is not impossible to get rid of.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation using two different types of treated wastewaters on kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum production in the absence of any. Grows best on high fertility soils of loam or clay, especially wellstructured. Of these pteridium aquilinum and equisetum ramosissimum were found to have considerably more thiaminase activity and lower thiamine content than malva parviflora, pennisetum clandestinum and. Fluctuations in the distribution and numbers of helicotylenchus dihystera in kikuyu turf pennisetum clandestinum published on 01 jan 1976 by brill. It spreads via an extensive network of rhizomes and stolons, and smothers all. The efficacy of kikuyu grass and moringa leaves as protein sources in tilapia rendalli 11. Genetic identification of kikuyu grass pennisetum clandestinum. Grasses are monocots and as the name implies, they have only one seed leaf or cotyledon. Globally, kikuyu pennisetum clandestinum and paspalum paspalum dilitatum would be the two most important tropical grasses used for dairy cows, with other species such as rhodes grass chloris gayana, setaria setaria sphacelata, the panics e.
618 1440 641 799 988 214 990 541 1129 1492 1288 733 850 1295 807 737 248 609 1633 946 646 358 1083 744 592 462 448 1161